全文获取类型
收费全文 | 86246篇 |
免费 | 11265篇 |
国内免费 | 8219篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 6720篇 |
技术理论 | 2篇 |
综合类 | 10528篇 |
化学工业 | 11412篇 |
金属工艺 | 6183篇 |
机械仪表 | 9634篇 |
建筑科学 | 9153篇 |
矿业工程 | 3964篇 |
能源动力 | 2440篇 |
轻工业 | 4027篇 |
水利工程 | 2713篇 |
石油天然气 | 4145篇 |
武器工业 | 1580篇 |
无线电 | 5570篇 |
一般工业技术 | 9199篇 |
冶金工业 | 2700篇 |
原子能技术 | 496篇 |
自动化技术 | 15264篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 320篇 |
2023年 | 2013篇 |
2022年 | 3513篇 |
2021年 | 3828篇 |
2020年 | 3379篇 |
2019年 | 2714篇 |
2018年 | 2600篇 |
2017年 | 3046篇 |
2016年 | 3458篇 |
2015年 | 3550篇 |
2014年 | 5099篇 |
2013年 | 4846篇 |
2012年 | 6408篇 |
2011年 | 6581篇 |
2010年 | 5169篇 |
2009年 | 5396篇 |
2008年 | 4912篇 |
2007年 | 6210篇 |
2006年 | 5587篇 |
2005年 | 4628篇 |
2004年 | 3689篇 |
2003年 | 3261篇 |
2002年 | 2675篇 |
2001年 | 2286篇 |
2000年 | 1992篇 |
1999年 | 1552篇 |
1998年 | 1290篇 |
1997年 | 1017篇 |
1996年 | 881篇 |
1995年 | 790篇 |
1994年 | 706篇 |
1993年 | 486篇 |
1992年 | 383篇 |
1991年 | 340篇 |
1990年 | 264篇 |
1989年 | 226篇 |
1988年 | 167篇 |
1987年 | 82篇 |
1986年 | 52篇 |
1985年 | 57篇 |
1984年 | 55篇 |
1983年 | 37篇 |
1982年 | 35篇 |
1981年 | 19篇 |
1980年 | 43篇 |
1979年 | 26篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1959年 | 8篇 |
1955年 | 7篇 |
1951年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 23 毫秒
21.
目的 通过对广泛使用的PBAT–PLA生物降解膜袋在受控需氧堆肥条件下的降解机制研究,为生物降解塑料的大规模推广提供重要理论基础。方法 根据GB/T 19277.1—2011,在(58±2)℃需氧条件下,对PBAT–PLA膜袋进行为期160 d的生物降解测试(即工业堆肥),并以常见的可降解材料微晶纤维素作为参比样品。对降解前后的材料进行红外、扫描电镜、能谱分析,并结合其所在堆肥样本的脂肪酶活性,从多角度探寻降解机制。结果 PBAT–PLA膜袋与微晶纤维素所在的堆肥脂肪酶活性都达到空白堆肥的3倍以上。红外显示由微晶纤维素水分子吸附、糖环打开、基团氧化形成的吸收峰加强,PBAT–PLA膜袋中的酯键峰明显减弱;扫描电镜发现降解的PBAT–PLA膜袋表面覆盖了微生物膜;能谱分析发现,碳元素大幅减少,氧元素增加。结论 微生物在PBAT–PLA膜袋表面生长形成生物膜,分泌大量脂肪酶,水解PBAT–PLA的酯键,使聚合物降解为不同链长的中间体或小分子,同时伴随着氧化,随后被作为碳源,在相关微生物体内被代谢利用,形成最终产物。 相似文献
22.
《Advanced Powder Technology》2022,33(12):103858
In this work, we have elucidated the pH-induced structural evolution of bismuth molybdate photocatalyst based on a hydrothermal synthesis route. With increasing the pH value of precursor solution, pure Bi2MoO6 was synthesized at pH 2–5, Bi2MoO6-Bi4MoO9 mixture was obtained at pH 7–9, pure Bi4MoO9 was obtained at pH 11, and pure α-Bi2O3 was derived at pH 13. The as-derived samples mainly present particle-like shapes but with different particle sizes (except the observation of Bi2MoO6 nanowires in sample S-pH9). The photocatalytic performances between the samples were compared via the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under irradiation of simulated sunlight. The Bi2MoO6 sample synthesized at pH 2 exhibited the highest photodegradation performance (η(30 min) = 89.8 %, kapp = 0.05007 min?1) among the samples. The underlying photocatalytic mechanism and degradation pathways of MB were systematically analyzed. Moreover, the photodegradation performance of the Bi2MoO6 photocatalyst was further evaluated at different acidic-alkaline environments as well as in degrading various color and colorless organic pollutants, which provides an important insight into its practical application. 相似文献
23.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(84):35790-35809
PEMFC system is a complex new clean power system. Based on MATLAB/Simulink, this paper develops a system-level dynamic model of PEMFC, including the gas supply system, hydrogen supply system, hydrothermal management system, and electric stack. The neural network fits the electric stack model to the simulation data. The effects of different operating conditions on the PEMFC stack power and system efficiency are analyzed. Combining the power of the reactor and the system efficiency to define the integrated performance index, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced to optimize the power density and system efficiency of the PEMFC with multiple objectives. The final optimal operating point increases the power density and system efficiency by 1.33% and 12.8%, respectively, which maximizes the output performance and reduces the parasitic power. 相似文献
24.
Linhui Lu Qingli Shu Guiru Zhang Qi Zhang Ping Du Xuedong Zhu 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2022,68(10):e17787
Palladium-based catalysts have been widely employed in the electro-Fenton process for in situ generation of H2O2. However, the process is still far from being practical on a large scale. In this work, a series of ClxFePd/γ-Al2O3/Al catalysts were prepared by a three-step-impregnation method. They exhibited excellent activity in H2O2 in situ synthesis and high efficiency in phenol degradation. The characterization results showed that Cl could assist in increasing the content of Pd0 and reducing the isoelectric point of catalysts, which led to the drastic promotion in the synthesis of H2O2. Theoretical calculations further demonstrated that Cl doping could facilitate the main reaction in H2O2 synthesis, as well as inhibit side reactions such as dissociation of the O O bond. Furthermore, kinetic models were proposed and fitted. A plausible reaction mechanism as well as degradation pathways were elaborated based on electron spin resonance and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results. These findings illustrate the value of palladium-based ClxFePd/γ-Al2O3/Al catalysts for their application in the electro-Fenton process. 相似文献
25.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(11):7432-7442
The durability of metal plate proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack is still an important factor that hinders its large-scale commercial application. In this paper, we have conducted a 1000 h durability test on a 1 kW metal plate PEMFC stack, and explored the degradation of the core components. After 1000 h of dynamic load cycles, the voltage decay percentage of the stack under the current densities of 1000 mA cm?2 is 5.67%. By analyzing the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, the surfaces of the metal plates are contaminated locally by organic matter precipitated from the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). The SEM images of the catalyst coated membrane (CCM) cross section indicate that the MEA has undergone severe degradation, including the agglomeration of the catalyst layer, and the thinning and perforation of the PEM. These are the main factors that cause the rapid increase in hydrogen crossover flow rate and performance decay of the PEMFC stack. 相似文献
26.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(16):9566-9578
The construction of heterostructure is an effective strategy to synergetically couple wide-band-gap with the narrow-band-gap semiconductor with a mediate optical property and charge transfer capability. Herein, the Z-Scheme CdS/ZnSnO3 (CdS/ZSO) heterostructures were constructed by anchoring CdS nanoparticles on the surface of double-shell hollow cubic ZnSnO3 via the hydrothermal method. The direct recombination of excited electrons in the conduction band (CB) of ZSO and holes in the valence band (VB) of CdS via d-p conjugation at the interface greatly accelerated the internal electric field (IEF). The transfer mode follows the Z-Scheme mechanism, where CdS/ZSO synergistically facilitates the efficient charges transfer from CdS to ZnSnO3 through the intimate interface. Here, ZnSnO3 and CdS serve as an oxidation photocatalyst (OP) and reduction photocatalyst (RP), respectively. Thus, it can promote synergistically the oxidation half-reaction and reduction half-reaction of H2 evolution. The density-functional theory (DFT) calculation further confirms the charges transfer from CdS to ZnSnO3. The hydrogen evolution of 5% CdS/ZSO heterostructure reached 1167.3 μmol g?1, which was about 8 and 3 folds high compared to pristine ZSO (141.9 μmol g?1) and CdS (315.5 μmol g?1), during 3 h of reaction respectively. Furthermore, the CdS/ZSO heterostructures could suppress the photo corrosion of CdS, resulting in its high stability. This work is expected to enlighten the rational design of heterostructure for OP and RP to promote the hybrid heterostructures photocatalytic H2 evolution. 相似文献
27.
Yaoying Zeng Qian Yu Shujun Cheng 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2022,57(4):2203-2215
Bacillus velezensis zk1 is the dominant bacterium that causing rot in peaches. However, the mechanisms through that this bacterium causes rot have not been elucidated. Here, we explored the mechanisms of peach decay caused by B. velezensis zk1. The invasion of B. velezensis zk1 in peaches resulted in an increase in glucose and arabinose contents in fruit tissues. Moreover, the relative conductivity of the fruit reached 84% after 4 days of culture with bacterial invasion. With the destruction of cells, the malondialdehyde content increased, whereas the vitamin C, dialdehyde, flavonoid and total phenol contents decreased. Polyphenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and ammonia lyase activities also decreased. Overall, these findings demonstrated that B. velezensis zk1 infection damaged peach chloroplasts, mitochondria, respiratory chain activity and related free radical scavenging enzyme systems, thereby disrupting the normal physiological metabolism of peaches and causing rot. 相似文献
28.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(84):35903-35913
The outstanding physical properties make TM5Si4 silicides become the potential silicon-based transition-metal ultrahigh-temperature materials. In present work, we adopt the first-principles scheme to explore the structural stability, mechanical properties and explain the hydrogenated mechanism of Ti5Si4, Zr5Si4 and Hf5Si4 using the electronic structures. And the investigation increases the theoretical support for the developments and applications of TM5Si4 silicides. Three hydrogenated models have shown that the hydrogen displays the stability for hydrogenated TM5Si4 compounds. Furthermore, the introduction of hydrogen occupation has weakened the elastic properties of TM5Si4. The metallic property of TM5Si4 and three hydrogenated models was confirmed by the electronic structures. The localized hybridization between hydrogen and TM5Si4 confirm the hydrogenated structural stability. 相似文献
29.
30.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(15):21988-21995
Bi4O5Br2/MnxZn1-xFe2O4 nanocomposites with impressive photocatalytic and recyclability properties were synthesised using a microemulsion method. In addition to the photocatalytic effect, the crystal structure and morphology, photoelectrochemical characteristics, magnetic effect and photocatalytic mechanism of Bi4O5Br2/MnxZn1-xFe2O4 were also investigated. As the best sample, the removal rate of the Bi4O5Br2/MnxZn1-xFe2O4 photocatalyst with 7.5 wt% MnxZn1-xFe2O4 to rhodamine B (RhB) reached up to 99.4% within 60 min. The enhanced photocatalyst activity was mainly attributed to the type-II heterojunction formed between Bi4O5Br2 and MnxZn1-xFe2O4, which not only optimised the energy band structure, but also led to the building of an interior electromagnetic field within the Bi4O5Br2/MnxZn1-xFe2O4 heterojunction. Meanwhile, the constantly producing and migrating h+ and ·O2? were the main active components. In particular, the results of the saturation magnetization tests and magnetic recovery experiments revealed that the magnetic composite photocatalyst can be recovered effectively. The results of the removal rate of RhB remaining at 85.2% after five uses reflected the advantages of the stability of the Bi4O5Br2/MnxZn1-xFe2O4 photocatalyst. In brief, this paper presented an original idea to develop a novel composite magnetic photocatalyst and research the enhancement mechanism of photocatalysis. 相似文献